Washington: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda signed a historic peace agreement in Washington on Friday, marking a turning point in efforts to end years of armed conflict and humanitarian crisis in Africa's Great Lakes region. The signing ceremony was held at the U.S. State Department in the presence of U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, along with the foreign ministers of Rwanda and the DRC. Representatives from Angola, Togo, Qatar, and the African Union also attended the ceremony.
According to Ghana News Agency, the comprehensive peace agreement outlines the creation of a joint security coordination mechanism within 30 days. The agreement also includes commitments to respect territorial integrity, halt hostilities, disengage and disarm armed forces, and conditionally integrate non-state armed groups. An annex details an operational plan for the neutralization of the Rwandan rebel group, Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), along with provisions for Rwanda to lift defensive measures.
For decades, eastern DRC has been mired in violence, exacerbated by the resurgence of the March 23 Movement (M23) rebel movement since late 2021, which Kinshasa accuses Kigali of backing. Rwanda has denied the allegations and accuses the Congolese army of collaborating with the FDLR. Since January 2025, the M23 has seized several strategic towns, including Goma and Bukavu, displacing hundreds of thousands and worsening an already dire humanitarian situation.
While the agreement does not spell out specific measures regarding M23's presence, both parties acknowledged Qatar's mediating role. Since March 2025, Doha has hosted a series of talks between Kinshasa and M23 representatives, which resulted in a ceasefire understanding in late April, though fighting on the ground has continued.
The deal also includes commitments to facilitate the safe, voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons, reaffirm the peacekeeping mandate of the UN Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), and promote regional integration through cross-border development projects.
